![]() ![]() ![]() “I have raised four children and I performed these experiments, but even I couldn’t foresee the key results of this study until the statistical data came up,” Kuroda added. “Although we did not predict it, the key parameter for successful laydown of sleeping infants was the (delay) from sleep onset,” Kuroda said in a statement. Kumi Kuroda, team leader of the affiliative social behavior unit at the RIKEN Center for Brain Science in Saitama, Japan. Placing the sleeping infant in the bed without first sitting quietly for a full eight minutes ended in disappointment, according to study coauthor Dr. Then sit and hold baby for another eight minutes before making a gentle crib transfer. Here’s how it works: Walk your baby for a minimum of five minutes with no sudden movements, at which time the little one will be calm, if not asleep, according to the study. The solution is a magic pair of numbers – five and eight – according to Japanese researchers who did experiments with 21 moms trying to lull their little ones into slumber. Tiny batteries are sending more children to the ER, report finds ![]() (2016) The First Smile: Spontaneous Smiles in Newborn Japanese Macaques ( Macaca fuscata).ĭisclaimer: This article does not necessarily reflect the views of AsianScientist or its staff.If small children swallow button batteries, they can get stuck in the esophagus and cause burns or worse. The article can be found at: Kawakami et al. It may be the case that many mammal infants display spontaneous smiles, in which case smiling would have an older evolutionary origin. “There are case reports about mice laughing when they get tickled and dogs displaying facial expressions of pleasure. The question that now remains is whether smiling is unique to monkeys and primates. The team interpreted that spontaneous smiles facilitate the development of cheek muscles, enabling humans, chimpanzees and Japanese monkeys to produce smiles, laughs and grimaces. Rather, the smiles are more similar to submissive signals (grimaces) rather than smiles (play faces). Interestingly, this study suggests that spontaneous smiles do not express feelings of pleasure in chimpanzees and Japanese monkeys. Some researchers have argued that infants’ spontaneous smiles exist to make parents feel that their children are adorable and to enhance parent-child communication. A major difference, though, is that the smiles were much shorter.” “There were two significant similarities they both happened between irregular REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, and they show more lop-sided smiles compared to symmetrical, full smiles. ![]() “Spontaneous macaque smiles are more like short, lop-sided spasms compared to those of human infants,” Kawakami said. Fumito Kawakami and colleagues observed 58 spontaneous smiles from seven dozing macaque infants, all of which showed spontaneous smiles at least once. “Since we see the same behavior in more distant relatives, we can infer that the origin of smiles goes back at least 30 million years, when old world monkeys and our direct ancestors diverged,” said study co-author Professor Masaki Tomonaga of Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute.ĭuring their experiments, lead author Dr. In fact, newborn Japanese macaques, which are more distant relatives of humans in the evolutionary tree, also exhibit spontaneous smiles. These facial expressions, called spontaneous smiles, are considered the evolutionary origin of real smiles and laughter.Īccording to the study, spontaneous smiles do not only happen in the infants of higher-order primates like humans and chimpanzees. When human and chimp infants are dozing, they sometimes show facial movements that resemble smiles. 10, 2016) – Japanese researchers have shown that smiling, in primates in particular, may be a more common and evolutionarily significant gesture than once thought. ![]()
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